$re = '/\b(?:north|south)?(?:east|west)?\b/m';
$str = 'The westerly barn is a room. The field is east of the barn. The stable is northeast of the field. The forest is northwest of the field.
It matches north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and many many empty strings.';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php