$re = '/\[.+?(?(?<= - ) - |\])/m';
$str = '[category - subcategory] [some text - more text] [2018-12-31] text title here
[category - subcategory] [some text] [2018-12-31] text title here more text
[category] [some text - more text - even more] [2018-12-31] text title here more text';
$subst = "\1\n";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php