$re = '~(<a\s+href="http:(?!\/\/(?:www\.)?example\.com)[^"]*")>~is';
$str = '<a href="/somepage.htm">1</a>
<a href="http://www.somesiteexternal.com/">2</a>
<a href="http://www.example.com/somepage.htm">3</a>
';
$subst = "\1 target=\"_blank\">";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php