$re = '/(\S|^)\n(?!\n)/';
$str = '
this is a
this is b
this is c
d
test
test
test
test
';
$subst = "$1[replacement]";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php