use strict;
my $str = '.class #id div, p div div > p [attribute $= value] a
: visited input:disabled p: nth-last-of-type( 2)
p [attribute]
p[attribute=value ]
div a [ attribute~=value ]
[attribute| =value]
[attribute^=value]
[attribute $=value]
[attribute*=value] ';
my $regex = qr/\s?([:[\()=$~|^$*,>+~]) ?/p;
my $subst = '$1';
my $result = $str =~ s/$regex/$subst/rg;
print "The result of the substitution is' $result\n";
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Perl, please visit: http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html