$re = '/\s?([:[\()=$~|^$*,>+~]) ?/';
$str = '.class #id div, p div div > p [attribute $= value] a
: visited input:disabled p: nth-last-of-type( 2)
p [attribute]
p[attribute=value ]
div a [ attribute~=value ]
[attribute| =value]
[attribute^=value]
[attribute $=value]
[attribute*=value] ';
$subst = "$1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php