import Foundation
let pattern = #"({matrix}.*? \\)( .*?(?={matrix}))"#
let regex = try! NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: .anchorsMatchLines)
let testString = #"matrix \dfrac{ \left( \sqrt{ \left(\begin{matrix} 5 \\ \left(\begin{matrix} 66 \ 11 \end{matrix}\right) \ \end{matrix}\right) \phantom{\tiny{!}}} , \sqrt[ 6 ]{ 66 \phantom{\tiny{!}}} \right) }{ 6 } 5 \dfrac{ 22 }{ 5 }"#
let stringRange = NSRange(location: 0, length: testString.utf16.count)
let substitutionString = #"$1\\$2"#
let result = regex.stringByReplacingMatches(in: testString, range: stringRange, withTemplate: substitutionString)
print(result)
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Swift 5.2, please visit: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nsregularexpression