$re = '/(^[\t\s]*)(forgot: "to",)(?!\n[\t\s]*insert: "something",)/m';
$str = ' oops: {
forgot: "to",
in: "here"
},';
$subst = "\1\2\n\1insert: \"something\",";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str, 1);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php