re = /(?i)(?:\G(?!\A)|Catch(?:This|That|Anything)\s*\()[^()"]*\K"/
str = 'Any text and "much" "more" of it. Don\'t replace quotes here
CatchThis( no quotes here, "any more text" , "and so on and so forth...")
catchthat("some other text" , "or less")
some text in "between"
CatchAnything ( "even more" , "and more", no quotes there, "wall of text")
more ("text"""") and quotes after...'
subst = '#'
result = str.gsub(re, subst)
# Print the result of the substitution
puts result
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Ruby, please visit: http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Regexp.html