$re = '/(?:(?<=\S)( )+)? *remove *(?(1) (?=\S)(?!remove\b))/m';
$str = 'before remove after
before remove after
remove after
before remove
before remove
remove
remove
remove
before remove after remove before
before remove after remove before remove
before remove after remove before remove
before remove after remove before before remove remove remove
remove remove remove ';
$subst = "\1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php