const regex = /\^ ( \( ( (?: [^()]* | (?-2) )* ) \) ) (?!.*\^\()/g;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('\\^ ( \\( ( (?: [^()]* | (?-2) )* ) \\) ) (?!.*\\^\\()', 'g')
const str = `this should be transformed a^(x²) and this b^(-(x²))`;
const subst = `^{$2}`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions