$re = '/(\([^()]*)\(([^()]*)\)/';
$str = 'This is a (string) with lots of (brackets) and (to make ((the fun) complete) some are) even nested.
// after first replace:
This is a (string) with lots of (brackets) and (to make ({the fun} complete) some are) even nested.
foo (bar (spam) and (eggs))
foo (bar {spam} and (eggs))
foo (bar {spam} and {eggs})
foo (bar (spam (ham)) and (eggs))
foo (bar (spam {ham}) and (eggs))
foo (bar {spam {ham}} and (eggs))
foo (bar {spam {ham}} and {eggs})';
$subst = "\1{\2}";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php