$re = '/(?<=[0-9a-zA-Z])\h*([+\-\=])\h*(-?[0-9a-zA-Z])/';
$str = '+5 + 3
+5+3=3
-d+7
-1-a
+3
+4
-1
3+
4-';
$subst = " $1 $2";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php