$re = '/(?i)(IN\s+\(|,)\s*([^,]+)\s*/im';
$str = 'SELECT msg FROM mytable WHERE id IN (\'hello\', \'world\', 123, 456 , 789 )';
$subst = "$1sha1($2)";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php